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Biomolecules are the molecules that are essential for the functioning and survival of living organisms. These include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other smaller molecules such as vitamins and hormones.
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides based on their structure. Monosaccharides are simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose, while disaccharides are made up of two monosaccharides joined together, such as sucrose and lactose. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides, such as cellulose and starch, and serve as a source of energy and structure in cells.
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They include fats, oils, waxes, and phospholipids. Fats and oils are used as energy storage molecules, while phospholipids form the structural component of cell membranes.
Proteins:
Proteins are biomolecules composed of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds. They perform various functions in the body, such as catalyzing chemical reactions, transporting molecules, and providing structure. Proteins have a complex three-dimensional structure, which determines their function.