Ecosystem
Class 12th Biology
Chapter: Ecosystem
Topic: Ecosystem
Ecosystem
Class 12th Biology
Chapter: Ecosystem
Topic: Energy Flow and Ecological Pyramids
Ecosystem
Class 12th Biology
Chapter: Ecosystem
Topic: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycling
Ecosystem
Class 12th Biology
Chapter: Ecosystem
Topic: Phosphorous Cycle and Ecological Services
Class 12 Biology Ecosystem An ecosystem is a complex community of living organisms, their physical and chemical environment, and the complex interactions between them. It includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. Ecosystems come in a variety of forms, ranging from small-scale ecosystems like a pond or a garden to large-scale ecosystems like a rainforest or an ocean. Components of Ecosystem: Ecosystems are composed of two primary components: biotic and abiotic. The biotic components include all living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. The abiotic components include all non-living components, such as soil, water, air, and sunlight. Both the biotic and abiotic components are interconnected and influence each other's survival and growth.
Class 12 Biology Ecosystem Functions of Ecosystem: Ecosystems perform several essential functions that are necessary for life on Earth. These include the production of oxygen, regulation of the water cycle, maintenance of soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and the storage and cycling of carbon. Ecosystems also provide habitat for a diverse range of plant and animal species, which in turn supports biodiversity and the resilience of ecosystems. Threats to Ecosystem: Human activities like deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources are threatening the health and functioning of ecosystems. Deforestation and land-use change are major threats to terrestrial ecosystems, while pollution and overfishing are major threats to aquatic ecosystems. Climate change is also a significant threat, as it affects the distribution and abundance of species and alters ecosystem functioning.
