Popular Struggle & Movements Class 10 Refer to collective actions taken by people to bring about political, social, and economic change. These actions can range from peaceful protests and demonstrations to more militant forms of resistance. Popular struggles and movements are often motivated by a sense of injustice, a desire for greater freedom and equality, and a belief in the power of collective action. Throughout history, there have been many examples of popular struggles and movements that have had a profound impact on society. The American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, for example, was a mass movement that sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Through acts of civil disobedience, such as sit-ins and marches, the Civil Rights Movement challenged the deeply ingrained racial hierarchy that existed in the United States and ultimately led to significant legal and social change. Another example is the Women's Suffrage Movement, which was a series of campaigns and protests that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement sought to secure women's right to vote and to participate in the political process. Through acts of civil disobedience, such as picketing and hunger strikes, women's suffrage campaigners challenged the long-standing patriarchal beliefs that women were unfit for political participation and ultimately helped to secure women's right to vote in many countries around the world. Popular struggles and movements can also emerge in response to economic inequality and injustice. For example, the Labor Movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a series of campaigns and strikes by workers to secure better wages, working conditions, and benefits. Through acts of collective action, such as strikes and boycotts, workers were able to improve their economic conditions and gain greater power and influence in the workplace. It is important to understand the role of popular struggles and movements in shaping society. These actions can bring about significant change, challenge existing power structures, and advance social and political rights. However, they can also be met with resistance and violence, and the outcomes of popular struggles and movements are often complex and contingent upon a range of historical, political, and economic factors.